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Carom billiards
Carom billiards, sometimes called carambole billiards or simply carambole (and in some cases used as a synonym for the game of straight rail from which many carom games derive), is the overarching title of a family of billiards games generally played on cloth-covered, pocketless tables, which often feature heated slate beds. In its simplest form, the object of the game is to score or "counts" by ' one's own off both the opponent's cue ball and the on a single shot. The invention as well as the exact date of origin of carom billiards is somewhat obscure but is thought to be traceable to 18th-century France.
There is a large array of carom billiards disciplines. Some of the more prevalent today and historically are (chronologically by apparent date of development): ''straight rail'', ''cushion caroms'', ''balkline'', ''three-cushion billiards'' and ''artistic billiards''. There are many other carom billiards games, predominantly intermediary or offshoot games combining elements of those already listed, such as the ''champion's game'', an intermediary game between straight rail and balkline, as well as games which are hybrids of carom billiards and pocket billiards, such as ''English billiards'' played on a snooker table and its descendant games, ''American four-ball billiards'', and ''cowboy pool''.〔
==Etymology==
The word ''carom'', which simply means any strike and rebound, was in use in reference to billiards by at least 1779, sometimes spelled "carrom".〔 Sources differ on the origin. It has been pegged variously as a shortening of the Spanish and Portuguese word ''carambola'', or the French word ''carambole'', which are used to describe the red object ball. Some etymologists have suggested that ''carambola'', in turn, was derived from a yellow-to-orange, tropical Asian fruit also known in Portuguese as a ''carambola'' (which was a corruption of the original name of the fruit, ''karambal'' in the Marathi language of India),〔〔Douglas Harper (2001). (Carom - Online Etymology Dictionary ). Retrieved 30 December 2006.〕〔Lexico Publishing Group, LLC (2006). (Carom - Dictionary.com ). Retrieved 30 December 2006.〕 also known as star fruit. But this may simply be folk etymology, as the fruit bears no resemblance to a billiard ball, and there is no direct evidence for such a derivation.
In modern French, the word ''フランス語:carambolage'' means 'successive collision', currently used mainly in reference to or shots in billiards, and to multiple-vehicle car crashes).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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